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Perusahaan Listrik Negara
PLN (''Perusahaan Listrik Negara'', ) is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which has a monopoly on electricity distribution in Indonesia〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Indonesia-Investments.com:Perusahaan Listrik Negara company profile )〕
== History ==
The history of electrical companies in Indonesia began at the end of 19th century when Dutch colonialists established the first electrical generator.〔A study of the history and economics of the electricity supply industry in Indonesia up until 1970 is available at McCawley, ''op. cit.'' (see reference below).〕 The electrical energy enterprise then expanded into the public company, NV.NIGM, formerly dealing in gas area only, which enlarged its business into the area of electrical energy. In World War II, the Japanese took control of the electrical companies. After Indonesian Independence day on 17 August 1945, Indonesian youth took control of the electrical companies in September 1945 and handed them over to the government of the Republic of Indonesia. The history of the electricity sector since then has been one of continuing institutional change.〔For historical details, see McCawley, ibid.〕
On 27 October 1945 President Sukarno established the ''Jawatan Listrik dan Gas'' (Bureau of Electricity And Gas) with a generation capacity of only 157.5 MW. On 1 January 1961, the bureau of Electricity and Gas was changed into BPU PLN ('Badan Pimpinan Umum Perusahaan Listrik Negara'') which dealt in the areas of electricity, agas, and kokas (a type of fuel derived from the remains of coal). On 1 January 1965, BPU-PLN was closed and two governmental companies, were set up, ''Perusahaan Listrik Negara ''(PLN) handling the electrical energy and ''Perusahaan Gas Negara'' (PGN) handling gas. The capacity of the electrical-power generator of PLN, then, was 300 MW. There were further institutional changes during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.
In September 2002 a new electricity law, Law No 20/2002, was introduced which foreshadowed major changes in the structure of the electricity supply industry. The new law required an end to PLN's monopoly on electricity distribution within five years after which time private companies (both foreign and domestic) were to be permitted to sell electricity directly to consumers. All companies were to use PLN's existing transmission network. However, the law was annulled in 2004 by the Constitutional Court. As a result, the electricity sector was in an uncertain legal situation for some years. A new electricity law, Law No 30/2009, was introduced to provide greater legal uncertainty although this law, too, was controversial because, as was the case with the earlier 2002 law, it legislated to end PLN's monopoly in the sector.〔Alfian, '(PLN labor union to challenge new law on electricity' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 20 January 2010.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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